1. Ibikoresho byongerewe zahabu: Ifata ubudodo bwa zahabu nkibanze, kandi ubuso bwabwo butwikiriwe nigice cya zahabu ifunguye (K).Hano hari amabara abiri ya zahabu ifunguye: zahabu yera na zahabu y'umuhondo.
A. zahabu
Iki nicyuma cya zahabu gifite ihindagurika ryiza kandi hafi ya nta okiside ihinduka.Kubera ko zahabu itunganijwe (24K) yoroshye cyane, mugihe ukoresheje zahabu nkikintu cyerekana.Ivanze ninyongeramusaruro nkibyuma na feza kugirango ibe umusemburo kugirango ugabanye amanota kandi wongere imbaraga nubukomere.Ibiri muri zahabu yibireba ni 18K, 14K, 12K, loK.
B platine
Iki nicyuma cyera, kiremereye kandi gihenze, gifite ubuziranenge bwa 95%.
2. Fungura zahabu na paki ya zahabu
A. Zahabu ifunguye ni iki?Zahabu yitwa (K) ntabwo ari zahabu nziza, ahubwo ni umusemburo wakozwe muri zahabu nziza nibindi byuma.Zahabu nziza ni zahabu itarahujwe neza (ni ukuvuga, itinjijwe mubindi byuma).Zahabu ifunguye ikoreshwa mubucuruzi yerekeza ku kigereranyo cya zahabu itunganijwe n’ibindi byuma biri mu mavuta, bigaragarira mu mibare (K), bigaragazwa nkikubye kimwe cya kane cy’uburemere bwa zahabu, bityo zahabu 24K ni Zahabu nziza .12K zahabu ni umusemburo urimo ibice cumi na bibiri bya zahabu itunganijwe n’ibice cumi na bibiri by’ibindi byuma, naho 9K zahabu ni umusemburo urimo ibice icyenda bya zahabu itunganijwe n’ibice cumi na bitanu by’ibindi byuma.
B. Zahabu
Yambaye zahabu nubusobanuro bwubuziranenge.Mu gukora zahabu yambaye, igice kimwe cyicyuma fatizo kizengurutswe nigice kimwe cya zahabu ifunguye, kandi ibintu bya nyuma bisobanurwa ni igipimo cya zahabu ifunguye yakoreshejwe n'umubare wa zahabu ifunguye.
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kwerekana ibara rya zahabu: kimwe cya cumi cya 12 (K) bivuze ko kimwe cya cumi cyuburemere bwikaramu ari 12K zahabu;ikindi kigaragazwa nubunini bwa zahabu itunganijwe ikubiye mubicuruzwa byarangiye;kimwe cya cumi cya 12K zahabu irashobora kwandikwa nka 5/100 zahabu nziza (kuko zahabu 12K irimo 50/100 zahabu nziza).Muri ubwo buryo, kimwe cya makumyabiri na 10K zahabu irashobora kwandikwa nka 21 / looo zahabu nziza.Mugereranije, zahabu yumuhondo numweru byombi birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora amakaramu yambaye zahabu.
3. Ibikoresho bivangwa n'umuringa
Umuringa wingenzi cyane wumuringa ni umuringa, umuringa, zinc cupronickel, nibindi, naho umuringa na cupronickel bikoreshwa mubucuruzi bwikirahure.
A. Umuringa nikel zinc alloy (zinc cupronickel)
Bitewe nuburyo bwiza (machinability, electroplating, nibindi), irashobora gukoreshwa mubice byose.Numuti wa ternary urimo Cu64, Ni18, na Znl8.
B. Umuringa
Nibibiri binini birimo cu63-65% naho ibindi ni zn, hamwe numuhondo.Ikibi nuko byoroshye guhindura ibara, ariko kubera ko chip yoroshye kuyitunganya, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora amazuru.
C. Umuringa nikel zinc tin alloy (Bran Kas)
Muri iyi mvange ya quaternary irimo Cu62, Ni23, zn1 3, na Sn2, irashobora gukoreshwa mubudodo bwa silike no gucapa ibimenyetso bimeze nkuruganda kubera ubuhanga bukomeye, amashanyarazi hamwe no kurwanya ruswa.
D. Umuringa
Nibintu bivangwa na Cu na sn alloys hamwe nibintu bitandukanye ukurikije igipimo cya sn kirimo.Ugereranije n'umuringa, kubera ko urimo tin sn, bihenze kandi biragoye kuyitunganya, ariko kubera ubuhanga bwayo buhebuje, ibereye ibikoresho byinsinga, kandi ibibi ni uko idashobora kwangirika.
E. Imbaraga-nyinshi zo kwangirika-nikel-umuringa
Numuti urimo Ni67, CU28, Fc2Mnl, na 5i.Ibara ni umukara n'umweru, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa ikomeye kandi idakomeye.Birakwiriye kumpeta yikadiri.
Hafi ya byose bitanu byavuzwe haruguru bikozwe mu muringa birashobora gukoreshwa nka primer kubikoresho bikozwe muri zahabu hamwe na primer yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mumashusho yerekana ibintu byakorewe mu gihugu no hanze yacyo.
4.Icyuma
Numuti urimo Fe, Cr, na Ni.Kurwanya ruswa nziza, hamwe nibintu bitandukanye hamwe ninyongera zitandukanye.Ubuhanga bukomeye, bukoreshwa nk'insengero n'imigozi.
5. Ifeza
Amakadiri ashaje cyane akozwe muri silver.Gusa ibirahuri by'amahanga birebire bifata ibirahure hamwe na clip-on-de-de-de-de-deux deux deux de l'homée biracyakoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo kubigezweho.
6. Aluminiyumu
Ibikoresho biroroshye, birwanya ruswa, kandi urwego rwo hanze rwa alumina rushobora kongera ubukana bwibintu.Kandi irashobora gusiga irangi mumabara atandukanye.
7. Nikel ya silver
Ishami ryumuringa na nikel alloy, hanyuma wongereho zinc.Ikora isura ya feza, nayo yitwa "silver silver".Irakomeye, irwanya ruswa, kandi ihendutse kuruta zahabu.Kubwibyo, irashobora gukoreshwa nkurwego rwumwana.Nyuma yikintu kimaze gukorwa, isahani ya nikel isukuye kugirango igaragare neza.
8.Titanium (Ti)
Iki nicyuma kiremereye, kitarwanya ubushyuhe, nicyuma cyangiza ruswa cyashimishije inganda zitandukanye.Ikibi ni uko hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku ihungabana ryimiterere yimashini.
9. Isahani ya Rhodium
Electroplating rhodium kumurongo wizahabu yumuhondo, ibicuruzwa byarangiye ni ikariso ya zahabu yera idafite ibyuma nibikoresho bya sintetike hamwe nibikorwa bihamye kandi bigaragara neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2021